This combination of properties is the reason for the extensive use of these alloys which represent nearly one half of the total u. The following chart outlines the times and temperatures required. In essence, steel is composed of iron and carbon, although it is the amount of carbon, as well as the level of impurities and additional alloying elements that determine the properties. Care was taken to include as much information as possible about stainless steel flat products used throughout europe, for the informatio n of the user. Since the structure has a decisive effect on properties, stainless steels have. Heat exchangers chemical tanks refineries shafts marine pressure. A total of 83 stainless steel grades are listed, including 19 ferritic, 14 martensitic, 2 precipitation hardening, 40 austenitic and 8 austeniticferritic duplex grades. In comparison with aluminium, stainless steel is approximately 3 times heavier.
Different types of steels pdfstainless steels, chemical. Stainless steel chemical composition and stainless steel. The stain less steels in the austenitic group have different compositions and properties, but many common characteristics. The first two digits indicate the grade of carbon steel. En 100882 is the material standard for stainless steel sheet, plate and strip for general purposes. The chemical composition based on high contents of chromium, nickel and. Prior to 1995 the aisi was also involved, and the standard was designated the aisisae steel grades. Chemical composition of stainless steels flat products. Stainless 302, 304, 304l, 305 united performance metals. Austenitic stainless steel an overview sciencedirect topics. Although stainless steels have a broad range of properties, in general, when compared with mild steel, stainless steels have. This means that it has a ferrite or bodycentered cubic crystalline structure rather than a facecentered one. The chemical composition of these stainless steel are shown.
En 1 jindal stainless indias largest stainless steel. The name stainless steel covers a variety of corrosion resistant steels. The chemical properties of stainless steel that make it. Carbon is a very strong austenitizer and increases the strength of steel. It is necessary, however, to deviate from this system and to interpolate numbers in.
The datasheet and specification are summarized in the following tables including. Alloy 904l uns n08904 is a superaustenitic stainless steel that is designed for moderate to high corrosion resistance in a wide range of process environments. Because of its hardness and strength, steel is used in the construction of buildings, bridges, automobiles, and a host of other manufacturing and engineering applications. When tested at room temperature after exposure, a slight loss of toughness and gain in strength can be noted.
The greatest corrosion advantage for duplex stainless steels is their improved resistance to cscc when compared to the austenitic grades. In order to assis t the reader in this selection, euro inox makes the following tables of technical properties available. The right choice of steel type will limit the permeability that is the rate of penetration in a magnetic field to below 1. Austenitic stainless steel has a thermal conductivity of one third of carbon steel and is a superior absorber of laser. Other areas such as heat treatment, welding, machining, hot and cold working, hardening, work hardening and applications are also outlined. They have been used for many industrial, architectural, chemical, and consumer applications for over a half century. Heat treatment quenching, hardening, and other thermal modifications p.
It has been written primarily from a european perspective and may not fully reflect the practice in other regions. All values shown indicate the maximum percentage unless otherwise noted. Aisi 304l is the low carbon version of 304 stainless steel, aisi 316 is better than grade 304 in certain properties, corrosion resistance and heat resistance, etc. Where special steel properties are called for, we can tailor our products to meet specific customer demands. The selection of the appropriate stainless steel grade for each applic ation is the result of variou s considerations. Ss304 grade aisi 304 stainless steel properties, composition. For more information, please check 304 vs 316 stainless steel. Stainless steel type 316 is widely used in applications requiring corrosion resistance superior to type 304, or good elevated temperature strength. Typical uses include exhaust manifolds, furnace parts, heat exchangers, jet engine parts, pharmaceutical and photographic equipment, valve and pump trim, chemical equipment. Possible alternative grades to 304 grade stainless steel.
Chemical and physical properties are in accordance with en 100881. Chemical analysis weight % all values are maximum unless a range is otherwise indicated specification sheet. Difference between stainless steel and steel is one of the most common materials in the world, representing an industry that produces 1. It is still sometimes referred to by its old name 188 which is derived from the nominal composition of type 304 being 18% chromium and 8% nickel. Type 304 is the most versatile and widely used stainless steel. Grade 316 is an austenitic grade second only to 304 in commercial importance. This is particularly apparent for pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride. For maximum corrosion resistance passivation is recommended. It is characterised by its superior resistance to corrosion in comparison to other steels. Euro inox makes the following tables of technical properties available.
This results in hundreds of different grades of stainless steel that are covered by a range of national and international standards. The chemical composition of these stainless steel are shown in this article. However after cold working some ability to be magnetized may be evident. Indian standard designation of high alloy steels stainless steel and heat resisting steel.
It has excellent forming and welding characteristics. Mechanical properties shown are for the commonly available form listed. Bs 6744 stainless steel bars for the reinforcement of and use in concrete was last published in 2009. As ferritic steels go, 430 stainless steel is the most common. Stainless steel general information st st introduction. Eight standard heat treatments have been developed. Both, core 3044301 and core 304l4307 are suitable for a wide variety of. Chemical composition below is the table of chemical composition for different stainless steel grades in accordance with iso 35061.
Outokumpus focus is exclusively on stainless steel and high. Austenitic stainless steel, which is usually referred to as the 300 series, is ideally suited to laser welding, table 4. Core 304l4307 is a lowcarbon alternative to core 3044301 that is giving an improved resistance against intergranular corrosion. Duplex stainless steel ss 329, uns s32900 plates carbon 0. Only the 25% nickel grades have similar cscc resistance. Among others, various grade stainless steel such as aisi 304 and aisi 316 are frequently in. Datasheet for steel grades stainless steel 174ph 174ph standard number. Austenitic stainless steel an overview sciencedirect. We shall now discuss the physical and mechanical properties of the material in the following articles. The group combines costefficient production with a global sales and distribution network and offers customers one of the broadest product ranges on the market. Magnetic properties austenitic stainless steel fasteners are normally nonmagnetic.
The carbon present in the form of ironcarbide fe3c increases the hardness and strength of the steel. Product identifier product name stainless steel cleaner internal id a072 1. Type 304304l is the modern version of 188 stainless steel containing approximately 18% chromium and 8% nickel and is the most commonly specified stainless steel used throughout the world. Stainless 316, 316l, 317, 317l united performance metals. Each alloy represents an excellent combination of corrosion resistance and fabricability. The advantageous properties of stainless steels can be seen when compared to standard plain carbon mild steel. While the old aisi three digit stainless steel numbering system e. The combination of high chromium and nickel content, coupled with additions of molybdenum and copper, assure good to excellent corrosion resistance. Stainless steel chemical and physical properties stainless.
Oct 29, 2019 different types of steels pdf applications, chemical composition, stainless steels, properties etcsteels are widely used materials in industry. These applications include an extremely diversified range of uses, including nuclear reactor vessels, heat exchangers, oil industry tubulars, components for chemical. Higher corrosion resistance higher cryogenic toughness. Type 301 s30100 is an austenitic stainless steel with a nominal composition of 17% chromium and 7% nickel. It has good drawability the combination of low yield strength and high elongation permits fabrication into complex shapes. Grade data, specifications and properties are inlcuded for stainless steel. The aisi stopped being involved because it never wrote any of the specifications. Hardness is measured by hv or hrb only, depending upon the sheet thickness. The carbon present in the form of ironcarbidefe3c increases the hardness and strength of. Those composition ranges typically include a group of chemical elements for each grade of stainless steel. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against identified uses cleaning agent. Type 304304l is a versatile, general purpose stainless steel with good resistance to atmospheric corrosion, and to many chemicals and food and beverages.
Alloy 347347h uns s34700, s34709 a columbium stabilized austenitic stainless steel with excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to temperatures in. Please contact us if you require special steel types other than those shown in the table. Different types of steels pdfapplications, chemical composition, stainless steels, properties etcsteels are widely used materials in industry. Currently there are being marketed a number of stainless steels originally recognized by the american iron and steel institute aisi as standard alloys. Introduction to stainless steels asm international. Changing the chromium content and adding other elements like nickel, molybdenum, titanium and niobium changes the mechanical and physical properties of the steel. Jan 27, 2019 according to the world steel association, there are over 3,500 different grades of steel, encompassing unique physical, chemical, and environmental properties. Influence of chemical composition on stainless steels. Thus, the wellknown 188 stainless steel contains 18 percent of nickel and 8 percent of chromium. In addition to excellent corrosion resistance and strength properties, the types 316. Austenitic stainless steels table 1 containing chromium and nickel are iden tified as 300 series types. Stainless steel is a type of steel that gets its name from its resistance to oxidation rusting as well as to corrosion, as that which might occur from the application of a strong acid. En 100287 chemical composition of stainless steel flat. Aisi standard precipitation hardening stainless steels in solution treated.
The last two numbers are intended to indicate the approximate middle of the carbon range of. Stainless steel chemical composition and mechanical properties. Stainless steel is the term used to describe an extremely versatile family of. Steel grades, properties and global standards 1 outokumpu outokumpu is the worlds leading stainless steel producer. Unless otherwise specified fasteners from austenitic stainless steel shall be clean and bright. They are the alloys of iron, carbon and other elements such as silicon, phosphorus, sulphur and manganese. Core 3044301 is a classic 18% chromium, 8% nickel austenitic stainless steel and an allpurpose product with good corrosion resistance. Alloys contain ing chromium, nickel and manganese are identified as 200 series types. Stainless steel 304 and stainless steel 304l are also known as 1. Stainless steel type 304304l rolled metal products.
Steel is an alloy, a combination metal made of iron and carbon. Stainless strip and wire to meet the needs of a variety of applications, we offer a wide range of steel grades with different properties. Our fully integrated mills include all stages in the manufacturing process. Mechanical properties of 174 ph stainless steel condition h 1150 after longtime exposure at elevated temperatures are shown in table 4. Columbium cb columbium is a strengthenhancingelements, and is one of the important components in some of the hsla steels. Covered in thsi document are the physical and mechanical properties of 316l stainless steel. Austenitic stainless steel is also used to produce reinforcement for use in concrete complying with the requirements of bs 6744. Properties, production, examples and applications stainless steel is a class of ironbased alloys with a minimum chromium content of 10. Investigation of aisi 441 ferritic stainless steel and development of a. The carbon content of steel reaches a maximum of 1. Well known stainless steel as well, with very high corrosion resistance, it is usually reserved to very aggressive.
According to the world steel association, there are over 3,500 different grades of steel, encompassing unique physical, chemical, and environmental properties. As such, 430 stainless steel, unlike its 304 and 316 grade counterparts, is magnetic, because of its ferritic structure. Chemical properties and structure of stainless steel are improved using other alloys. Products available chemical composition standard available mechanical properties wnr 1. It derives directly from the ubiquity of stainless steel application and outstanding mechanical properties. Feb 18, 2004 316l is the low carbon version of 316 stainless steel. Chemical content identification factors and composition standards p. These tables are intended for estimating purposes only and lists typical chemical properties for a variety of 300 and 400 series stainless steel grades. Stainless steel has different corrosion properties which includes being noncorrosive, rustresistant steel, which is simply designated as stainless steel. Stainless steel grade 316l properties, fabrication and. Figure 1 shows an sem image of a polished cross section of the asreceived 441. Minimum mechanical properties for annealed types 316, 316l, 317 and 317l austenitic stainless steel plate, sheet and strip as required by astm specifications a240 and asme specification sa240, are shown below. The stainless steel family a short description of the various grades of stainless steel and how they fit into distinct metallurgical families. Stainless steel chemical composition and mechanical properties pdf download chemical composition and mechanical properties of stainless steels to bs 6744 introduction.
Titanium, vanadium and copper are the alloys which make it more suitable for specific uses, and are used only when the buyer demands the specialized type of steel. Stainless steels for springs and other demanding applications. The stainless steel family tree has several branches, which may be differentiated in a variety of ways e. Chemical composition of stainless steel ss304 chemical. The high strengths of this grade of steel in the six available conditions or tempers, its resistance to atmosphere corrosion and its. It also contains the use of 174ph,such as it is commonly used in bars, sheet,plates, steel coils, steel pipes,forged and other materials application. May 20, 2005 the name stainless steel covers a variety of corrosion resistant steels that contain a minimum of 11% chromium. Minimum room temperature mechanical properties, astm a240 and a666 specifications. Astm a479 grade 316l annealed austenitic stainless steel. Stainless steels are ironbase alloys containing 10. En 100287 chemical composition of stainless steel flat en 100287 is the material standard for stainless steel sheet, plate and strip for pressure purposes. It was invented in 19 by the british metallurgist harry brearley, who discovered that by adding the metal chromium to steel in high amounts percent, the chromium would react with oxygen. Grade why it might be chosen instead of 304 301l a higher work hardening rate grade is required for certain roll formed or stretch formed components.
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